Algorithms & Identity: How AI Shapes Adolescents’ Online World

Written By: Osvaldo Muro, Clinical Trainee at ACS, On-Campus Counseling Program

FOR TODAY’S TEENS, the digital word is not separate from “real life”. Much of their social experience is shaped by artificial intelligence, particularly the algorithms that decide what shows up in their feeds. Whether it’s TikTok recommendations or Instagram’s “Explore” page, AI is constantly curating content for young people, often with more influence than they realize.

This can be powerful in positive ways. Teens exploring their identities, including LGBTQIA+ youth, often find communities online that provide affirmation and reduce feelings of isolation. Social media can become a lifeline when local environments feel less accepting;. Yet the same algorithms that connect them to support can also expose them to harmful content. Echo chambers, unrealistic portrayals of beauty and success, even direct hate speech are all part of the risk.

Because adolescence is such a critical stage for identity development, the content that AI promotes can leave a lasting mark. For some young people, especially those already vulnerable to social pressures, the constant stream of comparison can erode self-esteem. For others, exposure to misinformation about substance use or mental health can normalize behaviors that carry real consequences.

Parents and educators can help by staying curious about what teens are seeing online. Asking them to reflect on why certain videos or posts appear, and who benefits from them, can spark important conversations about media literacy. Encouraging balance between online and offline spaces, and offering safe environments where teens can process confusing or hurtful content, makes a difference.

AI is not just shaping the future; it is shaping how teens see themselves right now. Helping young people develop awareness and resilience in the algorithm-driven world is essential to supporting their growth and well-being.